Its unique geographical
position has endowed Qamdo with natural scenery of magnificence and precipices.
The towering Hengduan Mountains go through the prefecture from north to
south. Lancangjiang, Nujiang and Jinshajiang rivers surge ahead through
deep valleys. Because of the complicated topography and obvious differences
in altitude, the natural scene in this area presents vertical changes. Therefore,
there arose such sayings as "simultaneous four seasons in one mountain"
and "a different climate within five kilometers".
The
holy mountains and sacred lakes formed formed by the special Hengduan Mountains
were further mystified by folk tales. Historical records in Tibetan show
that there are 25 holy mountains in the Kham area, most of which are located
in Qamdo. For example, the Senqen Namzha Mountain in Gyamda, the Chawarong
Mountain in Zogang and Baxoi, the Bonai Mountain in Riwoeq and the Namkaze
Mountain in Baxoi. There are also 18 precipitous mountains in the Kham area,
of which the Gobu Mountain in Qamdo is outstanding. The Zezhol Mountain
in Dingqen is the holy place in the mind of the Bon religion believers.
The Deqen Phadrang Mountain in Riwoqe, the Gorbo Baizong Mountain in Gyamda,
the Dainda Mountain in Palbar, the Zongri Mountain in Gongjo, the Xalairi
Mountain in Lholung, the Baixi Mountain in Qamdo and the Bagyi Mountain
in Baxoi are all holy places for religion followers, therefore, they are
visited often.
Besides the unique mountains, the lakes in Qamdo also take on various
features. The Ra'og Lake in Riwoqe is reputed as "a pool of precious
jade in western sky" for its beauty. Momco Lake in the southeast
of Mangkang is pure and green. On the two islands in it are perched many
kinds of precious birds including the white badger, the yellow crane and
the bar-headed goose. Rinco Lake in Baxoi combines beautiful mountains
and water, forming a tranquil place. The wide expanse water has attracted
many birds and fish. The two lakes in Dengqen, one big and one small,
are like two pearls inlaid in the Butogka prairie. The three-colored lake
in Banbar is charming for its three colors: White, black and yellow. The
beautiful legends about it will take you far back. The little lake group
called 21 Tara goddesses are scattered in Lholung like stars, whose beauty
will make you not want to leave.
On
the wide land of Qamdo, you can also find not springs beneficial to your
health. The hot spring in Yiri of Riwoqe was famous throughout the world
for its curative effect hundreds of years ago. The Wonmaika hot spring
in Qamdo County is greatly favored by those suffering from rheumarthritis.
Besides, the Qennyi Cave hot spring in Gyamda, the Quzeka hot spring in
Yanjing of Mangkang, the Butog hot spring in Dingqen ,the Majyu hot spring
in Zogang and the Zogyika hot spring in Qamdo are all good destinations
for medical care.
The Karub site in Qamdo dating back 4,000 to 5,000 years is the first
site of the Neolithic Age scientifically excavated in Tibet, displaying
the ancient civilization created by Chinese ancestors in the Lancangjiang
river range. The Lessor Enda site about 20 km away is later in time than
the Karub site and dates back 3,700 years, but they belong to the same
cultural sphere. The culture it represents is obviously more progressive
than the Karub culture. The rock paintings in Baxoi have gone through
a long period. With rich contents and simple techniques, they truly and
vividly reflect the hunting activities and war of primitive tribes. The
Xangpi stone coffin tomb in Gongjo is an important site in east Tibet,
which was excavated about 2,200 years ago. The history of the Zezhol Monastery
of Bon religion dates back 2,000 years. When the famous translator Bainu
Zhala was exiled by Tibetan King Trisun Detsan to the Kham area, his footprints
cover what are now Chagyab, Mangkang, Zogang and Gyamda. The Renda Moya
picture in Chagyab excavated over 1,100 years ago is the longest and best
preserved one of its kind from the Tubo period. The stone sculpture of
Songtsam Gambo in Zhago and that of Dari (Big Sun) Buddha in Xu County
both feature the styles of the Tubo Kingdom. The thousand-hand and thousand-eye
Guanyin (Bodhisattva) in the Lunglung hall of Chagyab and the stone sculpture
of Princess Wencheng are also early examples of works of art.
As the center of Khamba culture, the Qamdo Prefecture enjoys a good
reputation for its Raba dance in Dingqen, Cho of Qamdo and Shinze of Mangkang.
Also, it is the main area where the Tibetan epic King Gesar spreads. The
deceased artist Zhaba, who was called the "national treasure"
by the Chinese press, was the famous storyteller of the King Gesar in
Palbar. In the art of painting, the Tangka was divided into three branches:
the Maining branch popular in Dingqen, Chagyab and Gongjo, the Maisa branch
in the Chaiwei of Qamdo and the Garshoge branch in the Garma of Qamdo.
The stone carving and sculptures and the frequently seen "Suyouhua"
(butter sculpture), "Changpo" dances and the "Gar"
royal dance present to people a special charm. The marriage, funeral,
clothes, food and drink, festival customs and folk literature all show
a simple and ancient feature of the Khamba culture. |