The relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vanuatu maintained a sound momentum for development in 2010.

The two countries had close exchanges at the top and other levels. A number of Chinese officials visited Vanuatu, including Special Envoy for the China-Pacific Islands Forum Dialogue Du Qiwen in January, Vice President of the Supreme People's Court Jiang Bixin in March, Deputy Director of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television Zhang Pimin in May, and Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee Liu Jieyi in June. In July, Vice Commerce Minister Ma Xiuhong attended the celebrations marking the 30th anniversary of Vanuatu's independence as the special envoy of the Chinese government. In August, Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai attended the 22nd Post-Pacific Islands Forum Dialogue held in Vanuatu and met with President of the Forum, Prime Minister Edward Natapei. In April, Prime Minister Natapei came to China on a working visit. He had talks with Premier Wen Jiabao and met with CPPCC Chairman Jia Qinglin. The two sides reached extensive consensus on furthering the friendly and cooperative relationship between the two countries and signed an agreement on economic and technical cooperation. In the same month, Deputy Prime Minister Sato Kilman attended the China-Pacific Island Countries Forum on Eco-Tech Cooperation in China. In October, President Iolu Johnson Abbil attended Vanuatu's National Pavilion Day events at the Shanghai World Expo, which was on 6 October, and visited Jiangsu. Deputy Prime Minister Kilman also attended the National Pavilion Day events and visited Zhuhai. A number of other Vanuatu officials visited China or attended international conferences held in China, including Minister for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Joshua Kalsakau in September, and Minister for Cooperative and Ni-Vanuatu Business Dunstan Hilton and Minister for Infrastructure Serge Vohor, both in October. Ham Lini, Parliament Opposition Leader and President of the National Unity Party, visited China in June.

Business cooperation went on smoothly, and exchanges in cultural and military fields and at the sub-national level further expanded. China provided protocol vehicles to Vanuatu for hosting the Pacific Islands Forum. China-assisted programs such as e-government and medical team went ahead smoothly. The two governments exchanged notes confirming that China would grant zero tariff treatment to some of its imports from Vanuatu. In June, a martial arts team from the Chinese Wushu Association performed in Vanuatu. In August, a Chinese Navy fleet visited Vanuatu for the first time. Both activities were warmly received by the local people.