The friendly relations and cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Azerbaijan made further development in 2010.

The two countries maintained high-level exchanges and kept strengthening the political mutual trust. On 16 June, He Guoqiang, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC Central Committee, made a stopover in Azerbaijan. He had talks and a meeting respectively with Azerbaijan Speaker of the National Assembly Ogtay Asadov and Prime Minister Arture Rasizade and had in-depth exchange of views with them on further promoting bilateral relations and on major international and regional issues. On 17 May, during his stopover in Azerbaijan, Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi had working breakfast with Azerbaijan Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov. On 14-16 April, Lei Mingqiu, Vice Chairman of the NPC Ethnic Affairs Committee and Vice Chairman of the China-Azerbaijan Friendship Group, led a delegation to Azerbaijan. On 26-28 May, Governor of the People's Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan and Vice Minister of Commerce Fu Ziying paid separate visits to Azerbaijan. On 15 October, Azerbaijan Deputy Prime Minister Abid Sharifov came to China for the activities of the National Pavilion Day of Azerbaijan during the Shanghai World Expo. On 28 October, Azerbaijan Defense Minister General Safar Abiyev visited China and had meetings and talks respectively with State Councilor and Defense Minister General Liang Guanglie, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission General Xu Caihou and Member of the Central Military Commission and Chief of the General Staff General Chen Bingde.

Azerbaijan was committed to the one China policy and supported China's positions on major issues such as those relating to Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang. The two countries stayed in good communication and coordination in the United Nations and other international organizations. After the earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai Province and the mudslide in Zhouqu, Gansu Province, Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev sent messages of condolences to President Hu Jintao.

Economic cooperation and trade developed smoothly between China and Azerbaijan. New progress was made in the cooperation in areas such as energy, communications, electricity, building materials and civil aviation. Projects undertaken by Chinese enterprises like the power plant and the renovation of the cement factory went on smoothly.

Cultural and people-to-people exchanges and cooperation between the two countries became increasingly active. Anhui University and Baku State University signed an agreement on jointly establishing a Confucius Institute. In November, Xinhua News Agency opened a branch in Baku, capital of Azerbaijan.