The year 2010 witnessed steady progress in the good neighborly, friendly and cooperative relations and expansion of practical cooperation between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan.

The two countries maintained close high-level exchanges. On 10 June, President Hu Jintao met with President Emomali Rakhmon on the sidelines of the Tashkent Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. They exchanged views on issues of common interest such as bilateral relations and practical cooperation. The two sides spoke highly of the progress in the bilateral relations and expressed the readiness to strengthen dialogue and coordination and promote practical cooperation in transport, electric power, agriculture and security in the spirit of good neighborliness and common development with a view to deepening the bilateral relations. On 24 and 25 November, Premier Wen Jiabao paid an official visit to Tajikistan and attended the ninth meeting of heads of government of SCO. During Premier Wen's meeting with President Rakhmon and talks with Prime Minister Akil Akilov, the two sides exchanged views and reached broad mutual understanding on the bilateral relations and practical cooperation. Both sides believed that China and Tajikistan are good friends and good partners, as evidenced by their close high-level exchanges, greater political mutual trust and productive practical cooperation. They were ready to strengthen mutual support and coordination in the bilateral and multilateral fields, enhance cooperation in business, trade, electric power, transportation, mining and ports, accelerate the implementation of relevant projects, fully implement the concluded agreement on cooperation between Tajikistan and China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and deepen China-Tajikistan relations. From 25 to 29 April, Foreign Minister Khamrokhon Zarifi visited China. He met with Vice President Xi Jinping and held talks with Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi. The two sides had in-depth exchanges on the bilateral relations and international and regional issues. On 20 September, Prime Minister Akil Akilov attended the National Pavilion Day event of Tajikistan at the Shanghai World Expo.

Exchanges at the governmental and local levels were expanding. From 17 to 19 June, President Rakhmon paid a working visit to Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The local Party Committee Secretary Zhang Chunxian and Chairman of the local government Nur Bekri had separate meetings with him and exchanged views with him on developing mutually-beneficial cooperation in all fields between Xinjiang and Tajikistan. On 25 November, Minister of Agriculture Kasimov attended in China the first agriculture ministers' meeting of the SCO. Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu met and exchanged views with him on bilateral cooperation in the agricultural field. On 27 December, the sub-commission on Xinjiang-Tajikistan commerce and trade of the Joint Commission on China-Tajikistan Commerce and Trade held its first meeting in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Vice Minister of Economic Development and Trade Nazliev and Vice Minister of Agriculture Lahimunazalo of Tajikistan attended the meeting.