The friendly relations and cooperation between China and the Republic of Burundi developed steadily in 2010.

The two countries maintained close political contacts. In August, special envoy of the Chinese government and Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun attended the inauguration ceremony of President Pierre Nkurunziza and had separate meetings with President Nkurunziza and Minister of External Relations and International Cooperation Augustin Nsanze. In March, Burundian First Vice President Yves Sahinguvu paid an unofficial visit to China and had meetings with Mr. Chen Haosu, Chairman of the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, and Zhai Jun, Vice Foreign Minister. In July, Burundian Minister of External Relations and International Cooperation Nsanze visited China and attended the activities of the National Pavilion Day of Burundi during the Shanghai World Expo.

In April, President Nkurunziza, First Vice President Sahinguvu and Foreign Minister Nsanze sent letters of consolation to President Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi respectively over the earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai. From June to July, Burundi held successful presidential and parliamentary elections. President Hu Jintao, NPC Chairman Wu Bangguo, Vice President Xi Jinping and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi expressed congratulations to President Nkurunziza, National Assembly Speaker Pie Ntavyohanyuma, Senate Speaker Gabriel Ntisezerana, First Vice President Therence Sinunguruza, Second Vice President Gervais Rufyikiri and Foreign Minister Nsanze respectively. In August, President Nkurunziza sent a letter of consolation to President Hu Jintao over the massive mudslide in Zhouqu, Gansu.

On 8 June, the new Chinese Ambassador to Burundi, Yu Xuzhong, presented the Letter of Credence to President Nkurunziza.

Constant progress was made in cooperation between the two countries in economic, judicial and other fields. In November, maintenance of the China-assisted Mugere Hydropower Station was completed and the station was ready to use. In December, the Star Software Technology Co. Ltd, a Chinese company headquartered in Beijing, opened its subsidiary in Burundi. In September, Burundian General Procurator Elysee Ndaye came to China to attend the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation – Legal Forum, and signed with the China Law Society an MOU on cooperation. In November, Burundian Minister of President's Affairs in charge of Good Governance and Privatization Jean Baptiste Gahimbare attended the fourth annual conference of the International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities in Macao.