In 2010, the friendly and cooperative relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau enjoyed smooth growth. The two countries had fruitful cooperation in economic, trade and other fields.

The two countries engaged in close high-level exchanges. Political mutual trust kept strengthening. Premier Wen Jiabao met with Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior, who was attending the opening ceremony of the Third Ministerial Conference of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries held in Macao from 12 to 16 November. Premier Wen Jiabao spoke positively of the development and achievements in the bilateral relations in recent years and expressed the readiness to further deepen the friendship and cooperation between the two countries based on mutual respect and equality. Prime Minister Gomes spoke highly of the friendly and cooperative relations between China and Guinea-Bissau, reiterated the commitment to the one China policy, thanked China for its assistance to Guinea-Bissau over the years and expressed the wish to intensify cooperation with China in the energy, telecommunication and infrastructure fields. The two sides signed the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. From 21 to 26 September, Prime Minister Gomes, concurrently President of African Party of Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, visited China and attended the National Pavilion Day of Guinea-Bissau at the Shanghai Expo. Vice President Xi Jinping met with him, and the two sides exchanged views on the bilateral relations and issues of common interest. On 23 September, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation and Communities Adelino Mano Queta attended the Second Political Consultation between Foreign Ministers of China and African Countries in New York.

On 3 September, President Hu Jintao received the Letter of Credence from Guinea-Bissau's new ambassador to China Arafan Ansu Camará at the Great Hall of the People. On 9 November, China's new ambassador to Guinea-Bissau Li Baojun presented the Letter of Credence to President Malam Bacai Sanha.

The two countries carried out smooth cooperation in economic, trade, agricultural and health fields. The implementation of the Guinea-Bissau related outcomes of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was completed. In May, Minister of Health Camilo Simões Pereira visited China. Also in May, the two governments renewed and exchanged notes on agricultural technological cooperation. In August and November, the Hospital of Friendship and the Government Building with Chinese assistance were successively completed. In December, the Chinese government provided anti-malaria drugs to Guinea-Bissau. In December, Chinese Ambassador Li Baojun and Foreign Minister Queta of Guinea-Bissau, as representatives of their respective governments, signed the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau.