The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) was established in 1975 with the aim of coordinating and strengthening nuclear export control among major nuclear supplier countries, so as to prevent the proliferation of sensitive items in the nuclear field. The Group exercises export control according to "Guidelines for Nuclear Transfer" and "Guidelines for Transfer of Nuclear-Related Dual-use Equipment, Materials, Software, and Related Technology". The Group requires the receiving states to accept the International Atomic Energy Agency's safeguards as a condition for nuclear export and strictly control the export of sensitive nuclear items and technology, such as reprocessing, uranium enrichment and heavy water production. The NSG has 45 members and holds plenary meeting annually to review the Guidelines. China joined the NSG on 27 May 2004, and its membership took effect from 10 June 2004.

China opposes the proliferation of nuclear weapons and is committed to the international efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Since the 1990s, China has promulgated the Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Export and the Regulations of the PRC on the Control of Nuclear Dual-Use Items and Related Technologies Export, and applies stringent export control measures to nuclear and nuclear dual-use items and related technologies through legal means. After joining the NSG, China modified the two Regulations in accordance with the NSG Guidelines, which set the acceptance of full-scope safeguards as the nuclear export condition and introduced the "catch-all" principle. China values the positive role of the NSG in the field of nuclear non-proliferation and is willing to cooperate closely with all the other NSG Participating Governments.