The year 2010 marked the 55th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The comprehensive and cooperative partnership between the two countries continued to grow. China attached importance to developing its traditional friendship with Afghanistan. It supported the peaceful reconstruction of Afghanistan and continued to provide assistance to the best of its ability.

The two countries had close high-level exchanges, and their political mutual trust was further strengthened. From 23 to 25 March, President Hamid Karzai paid a state visit to China. President Hu Jintao held talks with him. NPC Chairman Wu Bangguo and Premier Wen Jiabao met with him respectively. During the visit, the two sides issued a joint statement, expressed satisfaction with the development of their bilateral relations and agreed to follow the guidance of the Treaty of Goodneighborly Friendship and Cooperation to consolidate and develop China-Afghanistan comprehensive and cooperative partnership featuring goodneighborliness, mutual trust and lasting friendship. The two sides also signed three documents, namely the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation whereby China would provide RMB160 million to Afghanistan, the Letter of Exchange on Training Program and the Letter of Exchange on Granting Special Preferential Tariff Treatment to Certain Goods Originated in Afghanistan and Exported to China.

In January, Vice Foreign Minister Mohammad Kabir Farahi visited China and attended the celebration events marking the 55th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Afghanistan. In April, Second Vice President Muhammad Karim Khalili attended the Boao Forum for Asia, and met with Vice President Xi Jinping. In November, Senior Minister Hedayat Amin Arsala attended the closing ceremony of the Guangzhou Asian Games.

Bilateral economic cooperation and trade made smooth progress. In June, the first meeting of the Joint Economic and Trade Committee was held in Kunming. Minister of Commerce and Industries Anwar-Ul-Haq Ahady attended the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Business Development Forum and China Urumqi Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Fair successively and chaired the National Pavilion Day of Afghanistan at the Shanghai Expo. Chinese companies played an active part in the reconstruction of Afghanistan. The consortium of the China Metallurgical Group Corporation continued to make progress in the development of the Aynak Copper Mine. The Presidential Multi-functional Hall built with Chinese assistance was completed and handed over to the Afghan side. The National Education Center of Science and Technology and a teaching building and a guest house of the Kabul University China undertook to build for the country were launched. In December, Vice Minister of Mines Nasir Ahmad Durrani visited China.

The two countries strengthened cooperation in regional and international affairs. China actively participated in international and regional conferences on Afghanistan. Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi attended the London Conference on Afghanistan, the Istanbul Regional Summit and the Kabul Conference. Other Chinese representatives attended meetings such as the 4th Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan and Afghanistan International Investment Conference. Afghanistan remained committed to the one China policy and gave China firm and valuable support on the question of Taiwan.

The two countries carried out good cooperation in national defense, security, culture, education, health and other fields. In March, National Security Advisor Rangin Dadfar Spanta visited China. In October, Attorney General Mohammad Eshak Aloko traveled to Xiamen to attend the 8th meeting of prosecutors-general of SCO member states. Minister of Public Works Abdul Qudos Hamidi came to China for the "Workshop for Asian transport ministers". In December, Deputy Minister of Defense Lieutenant General Mohebullah Moheb visited China. The Kabul University Confucius Institute increased student enrollment. It now has over 60 students. Sixteen of them obtained the Confucius Institute scholarship to pursue further study in China. Afghanistan sent more than 100 athletes to the Guangzhou Asian Games.