In 2010, relations between the People's Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste progressed steadily.

The two sides had continuous high-level contacts. In July, President Ramos-Horta came to China to attend the activities of the National Pavilion Day of Timor-Leste at the Shanghai World Expo. In November, President Ramos-Horta attended the 3rd Ministerial Conference of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the Portuguese-Speaking Countries in Macao. Vice Prime Minister José Luís Guterres attended the opening ceremony of the Guangzhou Asian Games. In October, Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão attended the Shanghai World Expo Summit Forum and the closing ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo. In April, Vice Prime Minister José Luís Guterres attended the Boao Forum for Asia and visited Hubei Province of China.

Chinese assistance to Timor-Leste produced notable results as various projects proceeded smoothly. Construction of the rural school project was launched. The Chinese medical team continued to provide medical services to local communities.

The Chinese government actively supported the UN's work in Timor-Leste by continuing to send peacekeeping police and military liaison officers to the country.