On October 4, 1975, China officially established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh.Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the two sides have always understood and supported each other on issues involving core interests and major concerns.

The friendly cooperative relationship between the two countries has been developing healthily and smoothly. The two sides have conducted fruitful cooperation in various fields such as politics, economy, military, and culture. The two countries maintained close coordination and collaboration in regional and international affairs.

Exchanges between the two countries were close at all levels, and political mutual trust was enhanced. In October 2016, President Xi Jinping visited Bangladesh and upgraded the Bangladesh-China relations to a strategic cooperative partnership.The historic visit has charted the course for the development of bilateral relations.In July 2019, Prime Minister Hasina officially visited China and attended the 13th Summer Davos Forum. President Xi Jinping, Prime Minister Li Keqiang, and Li Zhanshu, Chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress Chairman of the Committee met with her respectively.

In May 2020, President Xi Jinping called Prime Minister Hasina upon request. On March 17, 2021, President Xi Jinping delivered a video speech to the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of "Father of the Nation" Mujib Rahman and the celebration of the 50th anniversary of independence of Bangladesh. On July 1, 2021, Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh and Chairman of the People's League, sent a congratulatory video on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC. On the eve of the International Children’s Day in 2023, President Xi Jinping wrote back to Bangladeshi child Alifa Chin, and encouraged her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the traditional friendship between China and Bangladesh.

The two countries had active party-to-party and military-to-military exchanges. Business cooperation yielded fruitful results, and the bilateral trade volume grew rapidly. Projects undertaken by the Chinese side made smooth progress. China is Bangladesh's largest trading partner, and Bangladesh is China's third largest trading partner in South Asia.