According to the agreement signed between the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Swiss Confederation in 1919 and the exchange of notes between the Swiss Embassy in China and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in 1951, when China and Switzerland established diplomatic relations on September 14, 1950, China and Liechtenstein simultaneously established diplomatic relations. 

In September 2010, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein Alois Philipp Maria and Prime Minister Klaus Tschütscher jointly visited China to attend the Liechtenstein National Pavilion Day at the Shanghai World Expo. In November 2013, President Xi Jinping sent a letter of congratulations on the opening of the exhibition "Masterpieces from the Collections of the Prince of Liechtenstein" at the National Museum of China. Vice Premier Liu Yandong met with Prince Alois Philipp Maria who came to China for the opening of the exhibition.

The economic and trade relations between China and Liechtenstein have developed steadily. The Free Trade Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the Swiss Confederation, which came into effect in July 2014, automatically applies to the field of goods trade between China and Liechtenstein.

Both sides are also closely cooperating in fields such as finance, culture, postal services and tourism. In September 2020, China Philatelic Corporation issued a commemorative envelope for the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Liechtenstein, and the Liechtensteinische Post AG issued commemorative stamps and envelopes for the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Liechtenstein.