After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Cameroon on March 26, 1971, the relations between China and Cameroon have developed steadily, and friendly cooperation has been carried out in various fields.　Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi　visited Cameroon in January 2015, and Yang Jiechi, Special Representative of　President Xi Jinping, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and Director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission visited Cameroon in January 2019. President Paul Biya attended the Beijing summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation of the Forum on China Africa Cooperation in 2018 and 2024.

The main projects assisted by China to Cameroon include the Conference Building, Lagdu Hydropower Station, Yaoundé Women and Children's Hospital, Yaoundé Multi-functional Stadium, and the maintenance of the Conference Building. China and Cameroon have signed agreements on trade, economic and technical cooperation, and the China-Cameroon Economic and Trade Mixed Committee was established in 1986. So far, 8 meetings have been held. The 8th Economic and Trade Mixed Committee was held in Beijing in August 2015. In 2024, the trade volume between the two countries was 33.60 billion yuan.

The two countries have frequent cultural exchanges and have signed a cultural cooperation agreement. In recent years, China's Sichuan Art Troupe, PLA Art Troupe, Oriental Song and Dance Troupe, Ministry of Culture's "Oriental Charm" Art Troupe, Shenzhen Art Troupe, Tianjin Art Troupe, Hunan Folk Music Troupe, Hangzhou Art Troupe and others have visited and performed in Cameroon. The Cameroonian National Modern Dance Troupe, reorganized with the help of China, performed in China during the Beijing Olympics and the Shanghai World Expo.

The two countries have good educational cooperation. China has helped the University of Yaoundé I and the University of Yaoundé II to establish a microbiology laboratory and a computer center. China has accepted Cameroonian students since 1959 and provides scholarships to Cameroonian students　every year. China established a Confucius Institute in Cameroon.

Since 1975, China has begun to send medical teams to Cameroon. So far, China has sent 23 batches of medical teams with 761 people, and currently there are 25 medical team members in Cameroon. From May to June 2016, the National Health and Family Planning Commission sent a team of experts to Cameroon to implement the "Bright Journey" project and performed 627 cataract surgeries for Cameroon.

Sports exchanges between China and Cameroon began in 1972, with frequent visits between the two countries for table tennis, basketball, football and other sports. In 2011, Cameroon's Minister of Sports visited China and the two sides signed a memorandum of understanding on sports cooperation between the two countries.

In November 2006, China announced that Cameroon would be listed as a destination for Chinese citizens' outbound tourism. In June 2014, the "Cameroon Asia National Tourism Information Office" established by Cameroon in Beijing began operations.

Hubei Province, Shenyang　and Taiyuan have established friendly provincial and municipal relations with Cameroon's Southern Region, Yaoundé City and Douala City respectively.