On 23 May 2017, the second China-U.S. Nuclear Security Dialogue took place at the U.S. Department of State in Washington D.C.. Ms. Dong Zhihua, Deputy Director-General of Department of Arms Control, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Dr. Robert Gromoll, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, jointly hosted the dialogue. The Chinese delegation included representatives from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, General Administration of Customs, the China Atomic Energy Authority, the State Nuclear Security Technology Center as well as the China Association of Arms Control and Disarmament. The U.S. Delegation included representatives from the Department of State, National Security Council, Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Bureau of Investigation and Department of Defense.

The meeting reviewed the latest international nuclear security and nuclear safety situation, exchanged national policies and experiences on nuclear security, nuclear safety and nuclear emergency preparedness and response. The two sides positively evaluated the major bilateral cooperation projects and exchanged views on future cooperation. Both sides agreed to strengthen coordination within multilateral framework including IAEA, and bolster nuclear security at the national, regional and international level.

In 2015,during President Xi Jinping's state visit to the U.S., President Xi and President Obama announced the establishment of an annual nuclear security dialogue mechanism. In February 2016,the first dialogue was held in Stockholm,Sweden, before the Washington Nuclear Security Summit.