On August 1, 1956, China and Syria established diplomatic relations. Since then, the bilateral relationship has achieved sound development. In September 2023, the two sides established a strategic partnership.

Important visits from the Chinese side: Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Jia Qinglin (2010), Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and President of the All-China Women's Federation Chen Zhili (2011); and State Councilor and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi (2021).

Important visits from the Syrian side: Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign and Expatriates Minister Walid al-Muallem (2015, 2019), Minister of Culture Mohammad al-Ahmad (2017), Minister of State for National Reconciliation Affairs Dr. Ali Haidar (2018), Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Ahmad al-Qadri (2019), Assistant Secretary General of the Baath Party Hilal al-Hilal (2019), and President Bashar al-Assad (2023).

In 2024, the bilateral trade volume between China and Syria reached USD 389 million, of which China's exports amounted to USD 386 million and imports totaled USD 3 million.