On October 13, 1971, China and the Republic of Burundi (Burundi) resumed diplomatic relations. Since then, the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries have developed smoothly.

In January 2020, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited Burundi. In November 2021, Foreign Minister Shingiro attended the 8th Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. In July 2023, President Ndayishimiye came to China to attend the Chengdu 2021 FISU World University Games. In July 2023, Foreign Minister Shingiro came to China to attend the first high-level meeting of the Global Shared Development Action Forum. In September 2024, President Ndayishimiye came to China to attend the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation.

In 1981, China and Burundi decided to establish a Joint Trade Committee, which was expanded to a Joint Economic, Technical and Trade Cooperation Committee in 1983. Twelve meetings have been held so far, with the most recent one held in Beijing in July 2014. In 2024, the bilateral trade volume between China and Burundi was RMB 804.11 million．

In January 1982, the governments of China and Burundi signed a cultural agreement. In July 1986, the two governments signed a protocol on China sending medical teams to Burundi. So far, China has sent 22 batches of 4,858 medical personnel to Burundi. In June 1986 and March 1991, Hefei and Bujumbura, Qinghai Province and Gitega established friendly city and province relations respectively.