On October 4, 1975, China officially established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the two sides have always understood and supported each other on issues involving core interests and major concerns.

The friendly cooperative relationship between the two countries has been developing healthily and smoothly. The two sides have conducted fruitful cooperation in various fields such as politics, economy, military, and culture. The two countries maintained close coordination and collaboration in regional and international affairs.

Exchanges between the two countries were close at all levels, and political mutual trust was enhanced. In October 2016, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Bangladesh and upgraded the China-Bangladesh relationship to a strategic cooperative partnership. The historic visit has charted the course for the development of bilateral relations. In July 2019, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina officially visited China and attended the 13th Summer Davos Forum. President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang, and Li Zhanshu, Chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress  met with her respectively.

In May 2020, President Xi Jinping called Prime Minister Hasina upon request. On March 17, 2021, President Xi Jinping delivered a video speech commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of “Father of the Nation Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and celebrating the 50th anniversary of independence of Bangladesh. On July 1, 2021, Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh and Chairman of the Awami League, sent a congratulatory video on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC. On the eve of the International Children’s Day in 2023, President Xi Jinping wrote back to Bangladeshi child Alifa Chin, and encouraged her to study hard, pursue her dream and carry forward the traditional friendship between China and Bangladesh.

 In July 2024, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina paid an official visit to China. President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Qiang, and Wang Huning, Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference met with her respectively. The two sides agreed to elevate the China-Bangladesh relationship to a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership.

In September 2024，Mr. Wang Yi, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs of China met Professor Muhammad Yunus, Chief Adviser of the Interim Government of Bangladesh on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) at the UN headquarters in New York. 

In January 2025, at the invitation of Wang Yi, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Adviser for Foreign Affairs of the Interim Government of Bangladesh Touhid Hossain paid a visit to China.

In March 2025, Professor Muhammad Yunus, Chief Adviser of the Interim Government of  Bangladesh attended the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2025 in Hainan and visited Beijing. President Xi Jinping met with Chief Adviser Yunus in Beijing. Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang met with Chief Adviser Yunus on the sidelines of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2025 in Hainan Province. Vice President Han Zheng met with Chief Adviser Yunus in Beijing.The two countries had active party-to-party and military-to-military exchanges. Business cooperation yielded fruitful results, and the bilateral trade volume grew rapidly. Projects undertaken by the Chinese side made smooth progress. China is Bangladesh's largest trading partner, and Bangladesh is China's second largest trading partner in South Asia.