China and Afghanistan are traditionally friendly neighbors. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1955, the two countries have been living in harmony and friendship, with frequent high-level exchanges and deepening exchanges and cooperation in various fields. In 2012, China and Afghanistan announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative partnership. China has always attached great importance to the development of China-Afghanistan relations, played a constructive role in promoting the peace reconciliation process in Afghanistan, and provided assistance within its capacity to support Afghanistan's economic development and improve people's livelihood on the basis of respecting the will of the Afghan people. Since the Afghan Taliban came to power in August 2021, China has provided Afghanistan with humanitarian assistance worth more than 350 million RMB yuan, including cash, food, medicine, and wintering supplies.

Since 2022, China has maintained exchanges and cooperation with Afghanistan. In March 2022, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited Afghanistan and held talks with Acting Deputy Prime Minister Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar and Acting Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi of the Interim Government of Afghanistan. In March 2022, Acting Foreign Minister of the Afghan Interim Government Amir Khan Muttaqi was invited to China to attend the the “Neighboring Countries of Afghanistan Plus Afghanistan” Foreign Ministers’ Dialogue. In June 2022, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi had a telephone conversation with Acting Foreign Minister of the Afghan Interim Government Amir Khan Muttaqi. In July 2022, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Acting Foreign Minister of the Afghan Interim Government Amir Khan Muttaqi during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Tashkent. In October 2023, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs Wang Yi met with Acting Foreign Minister of the Afghan Interim Government Amir Khan Muttaqi on the sidelines of the 3rd China Xizang Trans-Himalaya Forum for International Cooperation. From January to December 2024, bilateral trade between China and Afghanistan was US$1.59 billion, a year-on-year increase of 19%.